antiquity and later. “The simple spatial patterns which appear for the first time upon the delicate, curved surfaces of antique vases seem to echo no elaborate theoretical construction. In themselves they call for no inquiry as to the nature of perspective systems which, if they existed, find no echo in surviving work.” (p. 270) The Greek point of view in both art and chronology has little in common with ours but was much like that of the Middle Ages. * White’s view is that although some attributes of perspective occur in antiquity, there was not much interest in them as such. In the Renaissance it became recognized technique that perspective called for a fixed point of view. Such a stress on private stance, while common to a print culture, simply did not concern a manuscript culture. The dynamics of individualism